Contemporary Socio-Economic Determinants of Cattle Ownership by Farmers Living at the Edge of Protected Areas: A Case of Hwange Rural Ward Fifteen, Zimbabwe

Abstract

This paper presents socio-economic determinants of cattle ownership in Hwange District, focusing primarily on Ward 15, located adjacent to Hwange National park and Sikumi Forest Reserve.  The study utilised both quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data were collected using structured questionnaires which were administered to cattle owners only, (N=114). Focus Group Discussions and Key Informant Interviews were used to collect qualitative data and further insights on cattle ownership. Analysed data shows that age is a major determinant of cattle ownership. Other important socio-economic variables such as ethnicity, religion and traditional beliefs such as status, power and respect-all associated with wealth in society emerged as some of the socio-economic determinates of cattle ownership. Apart from provision of grazing and other forms of pasture, the edge presents serious challenges to livestock ownership because of zoonotic diseases from wildlife and predation, as well as underdeveloped state supported veterinary services and output markets for cattle. Knowledge of zoonosis and risks associated with driving cattle into protected areas needs to be expanded if local herders, especially those within the highest cattle owning age group, are to benefit from improved prices and health cattle.