Scientific Research Sample Size Determination

Abstract

Determining the appropriate sample size is an essential factor for an empirical study. A sample size that is too small will not yield valid results or adequately represent the reality of the population under study. On the other hand, despite a large sample size yielding a smaller margin of error and being more representative, it significantly increases the time and cost required to conduct the study. Specific sampling techniques are used for specific research problems since one technique may not be applicable to all problems. Similarly, if the sample size is inappropriate, it may lead to an erroneous conclusion. The complexity of a study population determines the sampling strategy to be used. A given study may require more than one sample size determination approach. This review paper discusses the various methods that can be used to determine an appropriate sample size.