Multi-Criteria Evaluation for Flood Suitability Areas of Lokoja Metropolis of Kogi State Nigeria Using Geospatial Techniques

Abstract

Flooding is one of the most common and devastating natural disasters in the world.  It has claimed many lives and property worth lots of money. Flood has rendered millions of people homeless and has also threatened the ecological biodiversity. The aim of this study is to utilize geospatial techniques in mapping areas which are suitable for safety in the flood zone areas of Lokoja metropolis. Mapping of areas suitable to prevent flood zones is fundamental in flood risk management as it identifies locations which are suitable for effective management and planning. Multi – criteria process which involves the combination of independent parameter inputs such as distance from river, elevation, land use, slope and soil were considered for analyses. Different maps such as the slope map, elevation map, and soil map were produced using ArcGIS 10.5 software. The result of the study shows areas of more suitable and less suitable areas for residents to reside within Lokoja metropolis. The study further shows that geospatial techniques can be effectively utilized in mitigating and monitoring the effect of flooding in Nigeria's confluence town.  Owing to this, it is recommended that artificial levee and drainage system should be constructed along areas vulnerable to flooding.  Water bodies should also be dredged as a preventive and remedial measure in the study area.