Wormhole Avoidance Using Reputation-Based Routing

Abstract

A novel routing protocol is presented (reputation-based routing) which attempts to avoid wormholes via the topologies in which attackers will take time to deploy their wormhole. Simulation results demonstrate its avoidance performance advantages in a variety of topologies. A reputation-based routing approach is introduced, drawing insights from reinforcement learning, which retains routing decisions from an earlier stabilisation phase.

Results again demonstrate favourable avoidance properties at a reduced energy cost. A cross-layer approach  physical reputation based routing  which feeds physical-layer information into the reputation-based routing algorithm is presented, permitting candidate routes that make use of the best beamforming relays to be discovered.